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Recovering Graphics Files. Computer Forensics Analysis and Validation. Virtual Machine and Cloud Forensics. This chapter discusses what constitutes digital evidence, the collection and analysis of digital evidence, chain of custody, the writing of the report, and the possible appearance in court as an … Expand.
Highly Influenced. View 4 excerpts, cites methods and background. First Responders Guide to Computer Forensics. Abstract : This handbook is for technical staff members charged with administering and securing information systems and networks.
It targets a critical training gap in the fields of information … Expand. A Closer Look at Macintosh Files. Date and Time Stamps. Web Browsing. Virtual Memory. System Log and Other System Files.
Mac as a Forensics Platform. Privacy Measures. The General Solution to Encryption. Working with NAS Systems. Working with SAN Systems. Working with Tapes. Accessing Raw Tapes on Windows. Commercial Tools for Accessing Tapes. Collecting Live Data from Windows Systems.
Full-Text Indexing. Mail Servers. Converting E-mail Formats. Web-Based E-mail. Internet-Hosted Mail. Investigating E-mail Headers. Tracking Web Usage. Internet Explorer Forensics. Operating System User Logs. Password-protected Windows Devices. He Said, She Said…. Internal Report. Construction of an Internal Report. Construction of a Declaration. Expert Report. Construction of an Expert Report.
The Civil Justice System. Phase One: Investigation. Phase Two: Commencing Suit. Phase Three: Discovery. Phase Four: Trial. Expert Status. Expert Credentials. Nontestifying Expert Consultant. Testifying Expert Witness. Expert Interaction with the Court. Blink Becomes an Investigator. Time to Understand the Business Issues.
IP Theft Ramifications. Loss of Customers. Loss of Competitive Advantage. Monetary Loss. Types of Theft. Tying It Together. What Was Taken? Looking at Intent. Estimating Damages. Working with Higher-Ups. Working with Outside Counsel.
Disruptive Work Environment. Investigations by Authorities. Lawsuits Against an Employer. Types of Misconduct. Inappropriate Use of Corporate Resources. Making Sense of It All. What Is the Risk to the Company? Criminal Penalties and Civil Lawsuits. Types of Employee Fraud. Asset Misappropriation. What Is the Story? Estimating Losses. Working with Outside Counsel and Investigators. Impact to Shareholders and the Public. Regulatory Changes.
Investigations and Litigation. Types of Corporate Fraud. Accounting Fraud. Securities Fraud. The Russian Business Network. Infrastructure and Bot-Nets. The Russian-Estonian Conflict. Effects on Western Companies. Types of Hacks and the Role of Computer Forensics. Traditional Hacks. Money Laundering. Anti-Money Laundering Software. The Mechanics of Laundering.
The Role of Computer Forensics. Impact to Consumers and the Public. Regulatory Environment. Identity Theft. Investment Fraud. Mortgage Fraud. Theory and History.
The Building Blocks. Constructing Regular Expressions. It was an amazing challenge to coordinate the necessary depth of corporate, legal, criminal, and technical expertise across so many subjects. Many old and new friends donated knowledge, time, techniques, tools, and much more to make this project a success. We are truly grateful to each of you. The wonderful and overworked team at McGraw-Hill is outstanding.
We sincerely appreciate your dedication, coaching, and long hours during the course of this project. Jane Brownlow, this book is a result of your tireless dedication to the completion of this project. You are truly one of the best in the business. We would also like to extend a big round of thanks to Joya Anthony, our acquisition coordinator and honorary coxswain.
Thanks to LeeAnn Pickrell for seeing us through to the finish line. Jean, as always, your work is fantastic. You truly play to a standard in everything you do and it shows. Todd, you went above and beyond and the book is a world better for it.
John, thank you for the vision and strategic input on the structure of the new sections. Louis, your attention to detail and desire to know the right answer is a huge asset. You were a fantastic technical editor.
Lastly, a special note of remembrance for Bill Siebert. He wrote the foreword for the first edition of the book, donating his time when none of us knew how the book would be received. Unfortunately Bill passed in December Bill, you and your family are in our thoughts. Thanks to everyone at Navigant Consulting. Also, a special note of thanks to Kris Swanson and Todd Marlin for ideas and guidance throughout both this book and our other case work.
John, Jean, and Louis, I am proud to say that we were on the same team. You guys are great. John, you have always had my back, and I have learned a ton from you. Here is to success and building it the right way. To Susan and Lauren, I cannot express my gratitude enough for your patience with me as Todd and I worked on the book weekend after weekend. Todd, thanks for everything, not just the book.
Thanks to Fr. Patrick Johnson for all the sage advice and for reminding me of the importance of balance in life. Austin Catholic Parish in Austin, Texas, has truly become an anchor in my life. You taught me mental toughness, brotherhood, the value of perseverance, and how to never give up. And to every one of my computer science professors for showing me how much I still have to learn.
A huge thank you to Robert Groshon and Bradley O. Brauser for believing in me all those years ago. Thanks to Peggy Cheung for being such a great friend. Your selling me the Rose Bowl tickets at face value goes as one of the greatest demonstrations of friendships I have ever witnessed. I am very sorry I stopped texting you game updates in the third quarter, and I still have no idea how much that phone call to Hong Kong cost me.
Finally, I would like to give another thank you to my family, my mother and father who gave me my first computer when I was seven, and my sister Renee. Little did we know at the time how much computer forensics would change since the book was first published in Computer forensics is changing the way investigations are done, even investigations previously thought to be outside the four corners of technology investigations.
If you look at what happened with the economy in and , the subprime mortgage meltdown, the credit crisis, and all of the associated fraud that has been uncovered, you can see the vital role that computer forensics plays in the process. Before the prevalence of technology in corporations, all investigators had to go on were paper documents and financial transactions. With the addition of computer forensics as a tool, we can better identify not only what happened at a certain point in time, but also, in some cases, the intent of the individuals involved.
Multibillion-dollar fraud schemes are being blown open by the discovery of a single e-mail or thumb drive. Computer forensics is front and center in changing the way these investigations are conducted.
Part I: Preparing for an Incident This section discusses how to develop a forensics process and set up the lab environment needed to conduct your investigation in an accurate and skillful manner. In addition, it lays the technical groundwork for the rest of the book.
Part II: Collecting the Evidence These chapters teach you how to effectively find, capture, and prepare evidence for investigation.
Additionally, we highlight how the law applies to evidence collection. We introduce field-tested methods and techniques for recovering suspect activities. We discuss how you will interact with council, testify in court, and report on your findings.
In many ways, this is the most important part of the forensics process. We look at different types of investigations through the lens of computer forensics and how it can help create the bigger picture. How we define attacks and countermeasures for forensics, however, is a bit different than in past books. This is an attack icon.
In previous Hacking Exposed books, this icon was used to denote a type of attack that could be launched against your network or target.
In this book, the attack icon relates to procedures, techniques, and concerns that threaten to compromise your investigation.
For instance, failing to properly image a hard drive is labeled an attack with a very high risk rating.
This is because you are going to see it often; it is not difficult to create an image, and if you accidentally write to the disk when you are imaging, your whole investigation may be compromised, no matter what else you do correctly.
Popularity: The frequency with which you will run across this attack or technique in an investigation—1 being most rare and 10 being widely seen. Simplicity: The effort or degree of skill involved in creating an attack or technique—1 being quite high and 10 being little or involving no effort or skill. Impact: The potential damage to an investigation if you miss this detail—1 being trivial or no measurable damage and 10 being certain loss of evidence or equivalent damage.
Introduction This is a countermeasure icon. In this book, the countermeasure icon represents the ways that you can ensure correct completion of the investigation for the attack. In our hard drive example, this would mean correctly hashing the drive and verifying the hash after you have taken the image. Other Visual Aides We have also made use of several other visual icons that help point out fine details or gotchas that are frequently overlooked.
For these reasons, we have created a Web site that contains additional information, corrections for the book, and electronic versions of the things discussed in these pages. The URL is www. In addition, if you have any questions or comments for the authors, feel free to e-mail us at [email protected] We hope that you visit the Web site to keep up-to-date with the content in the book and the other things we think are useful. When we wrote the first edition of the book, we had a fundamental tenet: Write a clear handbook for performing investigations of computer-related fraud.
Five years and a world of technology later, that principle still guides us and is more important than ever. It is our sincere hope that this book can assist, even if in a very small way, this transparency and accountability take root. That being said, we hope you enjoy reading this book as much as we did writing it. Thank you for taking the time to read what we have to say and good luck in all your investigations!
Leading the sales team was Herb Gouges, the same salesperson who, by sheer force of personality, got the company its first customer. Herb was now a seasoned veteran and was in high demand as a technology salesperson. While sales were booming, Herb was more than a little frustrated with AcmeTech management. He was one of the initial employees and arguably one of its most important , yet he had received only a small amount of company stock.
Herb liked the product and the company but was concerned with having to start his sales efforts from scratch. All he needed was information: customer lists and data, pricing models, service agreement templates, and so on.
Cashing Out The plan worked. Gouges and a small cadre of helpers compromised more than 60 computers across dozens of locations, and unsuspecting users suffered hundreds of thousands in monetary damages—these people lost some serious cash. Secret Service got involved and traced the source of the damages to Mr.
In the meantime, the judge released Mr. Gouges on bail. Preparing for a Forensics Operation Before starting an investigation of any case, we have a thorough understanding of the forensics process, technical training, and proper lab preparation. These are critical to the success of an investigation. All the technicians assigned to our unit are required to have 2 the necessary training and background to understand and conduct investigations.
Before we started on the ACME case, we validated all the tools in the lab and neatly tucked the portable hardware units into the flyaway kits.
We were ready to go when the call came to us. Our case-management system lets us handle the case and organize the evidence as it is returned to the lab. We control a large number of systems, tracking where the systems go and assigning the systems unique numbers with the proper documentation attached. This enables us to compare notes quickly and understand similarities found in multiple computers.
Rapid Response Our flyaway kit includes a fully portable system with write blockers and extra drive bays ready to copy data. We also carry a standard set of tools and hardware used for our investigations. The standard set helped immensely when we needed to re-create our working system onto five new computers to handle all the systems we had to image.
Having the tools and paperwork ready beforehand was critical to the rapid response demanded by the customer, especially considering the number of computers we had to investigate. Solid process controls, training, preparations, and case management allowed us to respond quickly and efficiently. Our success in this case depended on our investment in a deeper understanding of how case operations work and how we could get the system to tell us the information we needed to know.
Corporate espionage. Illicit images. Violations of corporate policy. Hacking attempts. Work in information technology for even a short amount of time and you will find yourself dealing with one of these situations. To meet this goal, a forensics investigator must combine time-tested forensic techniques, legal framework, investigative skill, and cutting-edge technology to determine the facts. Forensics is, first and foremost, a legal process.
Depending on the investigation, you must understand and apply a vast array of legal concepts and precedents, such as chain of custody, spoilage of evidence, and dealing with production of evidence in court. If the crime is heinous enough, a lawyer will call on you to take the stand and testify about your investigation, your findings, and your qualifications as an investigator. If you do not perform the investigation with dedication to the process, technical details, and legal issues required, the facts that you uncover are useless.
In the extreme, criminals get away, corporate secrets are leaked, and the investigator is held with a fiduciary responsibility for the mistakes made during the investigation. I can truly say that Erik is one of the unique pioneers of computer forensic investigations.
He not only can distill complex technical information into easily understandable concepts, but he always retained a long-term global perspective on the relevancy of our work and on the impact of the information revolution on the social and business structures of tomorrow.
Get the knowledge you need to make informed decisions throughout the computer forensic investigation process Investigative Computer Forensics zeroes in on a real need felt by lawyers, jurists, accountants, administrators, senior managers, and business executives around the globe: to understand the forensic investigation landscape before having an immediate and dire need for the services of a forensic investigator.
Author Erik Laykin—leader and pioneer of computer forensic investigations—presents complex technical information in easily understandable concepts, covering: A primer on computers and networks Computer forensic fundamentals Investigative fundamentals Objectives and challenges in investigative computer forensics E-discovery responsibilities The future of computer forensic investigations Get the knowledge you need to make tough decisions during an internal investigation or while engaging the capabilities of a computer forensic professional with the proven guidance found in Investigative Computer Forensics.
Handbook of Digital Forensics and Investigation builds on the success of the Handbook of Computer Crime Investigation, bringing together renowned experts in all areas of digital forensics and investigation to provide the consummate resource for practitioners in the field.
It is also designed as an accompanying text to Digital Evidence and Computer Crime. This unique collection details how to conduct digital investigations in both criminal and civil contexts, and how to locate and utilize digital evidence on computers, networks, and embedded systems.
Specifically, the Investigative Methodology section of the Handbook provides expert guidance in the three main areas of practice: Forensic Analysis, Electronic Discovery, and Intrusion Investigation. The Technology section is extended and updated to reflect the state of the art in each area of specialization. The main areas of focus in the Technology section are forensic analysis of Windows, Unix, Macintosh, and embedded systems including cellular telephones and other mobile devices , and investigations involving networks including enterprise environments and mobile telecommunications technology.
This handbook is an essential technical reference and on-the-job guide that IT professionals, forensic practitioners, law enforcement, and attorneys will rely on when confronted with computer related crime and digital evidence of any kind.
About This Book Champion the skills of digital forensics by understanding the nature of recovering and preserving digital information which is essential for legal or disciplinary proceedings Explore new and promising forensic processes and tools based on 'disruptive technology' to regain control of caseloads.
Prior knowledge of programming languages any will be of great help, but not a compulsory prerequisite.
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